UNIT I WATER ANALYSIS         

 Sources of water – depletion of underground water – Reasons – Basic Idea of rain water harvesting – Hard water and soft water – Hardness of water – Carbonate and Non–carbonate hardness – Methods of expressing hardness – mg/lit and ppm – Estimation of total hardness by EDTA method –simple Problems on total hardness only-Disadvantages of using hard water in boilers –Scale formation, Corrosion of boiler metal, Caustic Embrittlement – Priming and Foaming (definition only).

Unit II   WATER TREATMENT

Determination of residual chlorine in the given sample of hard water- identification of sulphate and chloride ions- identification of heavy metal ions in the given sample of effluent- Softening of hard water – Ion-Exchange method and Reverse Osmosis method – chemical methods of purification of water- Municipal supply – purification of drinking water – Calculation of pH, H+ ions and TDS of different samples of acid and base – Quality of portable water (WHO Standard)