SYLLABUS

UNIT – I : LEVELLING
Chain Surveying, Datum, benchmarks, levelling methods (fly and check), booking and
reduction, contouring
Theodolite Surveying: Horizontal and vertical angle measurements – Temporary and
permanent adjustments – Trigonometric levelling – Single and double plane methods –
Stadia tacheometry – Subtense method – Tangential tacheometry.
Activity: Review of Competitive Exam Questions related to levelling and theodolite
surveying.
UNIT – II : MODERN SURVEYING
Total station – components, working, errors, applications; Bathymetry, GPS
components, data acquisition, errors, applications; Introduction to drone surveying
and LiDAR.
Activity: Case study report on GPS applications.
UNIT – III : CONTROL SURVEYING, ADJUSTMENT
Horizontal and vertical control, triangulation, traversing, trilateration, coordinate
computation; errors, weights, and adjustment of observations.
Activity: Seminar on control surveying.