UNIT I : BASICS, ZEROTH AND FIRST LAW
Review of Basics – Thermodynamic systems, Properties and processes Thermodynamic Equilibrium – Displacement work – P-V diagram. Thermal equilibrium – Zeroth law – Concept of temperature and Temperature Scales. First law – application to closed and open systems – steady and unsteady flow processes.
UNIT II : SECOND LAW AND ENTROPY
Heat Engine – Refrigerator – Heat pump. Statements of second law and their equivalence & corollaries. Carnot cycle – Reversed Carnot cycle – Performance – Clausius inequality. Concept of entropy – T-s diagram – Tds Equations – Entropy change for a pure substance.
UNIT III : AVAILABILITY AND APPLICATIONS OF II LAW
Ideal gases undergoing different processes – principle of increase in entropy. Applications of II Law. High- and low-grade energy. Availability and Irreversibility for open and closed system processes – I and II law Efficiency
UNIT IV : PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
Steam – formation and its thermodynamic properties – p-v, p-T, T-v, T-s, h-s diagrams. PVT surface. Determination of dryness fraction. Calculation of work done and heat transfer in non-flow and flow processes using Steam Table and Mollier Chart.
UNIT V : GAS MIXTURES AND THERMODYNAMIC RELATIONS
Properties of Ideal gas, real gas – comparison. Equations of state for ideal and real gases. vander Waal’s relation – Reduced properties – Compressibility factor – Principle of Corresponding states – Generalized Compressibility Chart. Maxwell relations – TdS Equations – heat capacities relations – Energy equation, Joule- Thomson experiment – Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
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