UNIT I     BASICS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

Current mirror and current sources, Current sources as active loads, Voltage sources, Voltage References, BJT Differential amplifier with active loads, Basic information about op-amps – Ideal Operational Amplifier – General operational amplifier stages -and internal circuit diagrams of IC 741, DC and AC performance characteristics, slew rate, Open and closed loop configurations – MOSFET Operational Amplifiers – LF155 and TL082.

UNIT II    APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS 

Sign Changer, Scale Changer, Phase Shift Circuits, Voltage Follower, V-to-I and I-to-V converters, adder, subtractor, Instrumentation amplifier, Integrator, Differentiator, Logarithmic amplifier, Antilogarithmic amplifier, Comparators, Schmitt trigger, Precision rectifier, peak detector, clipper and clamper, Low-pass, high-pass and band-pass Butterworth filters.

UNIT III     ANALOG MULTIPLIER AND PLL 

Analog Multiplier using Emitter Coupled Transistor Pair – Gilbert Multiplier cell – Variable transconductance technique, analog multiplier ICs and their applications, Operation of the basic PLL, Closed loop analysis, Voltage controlled oscillator, Monolithic PLL IC 565, application of PLL for AM detection, FM detection, FSK modulation and demodulation and Frequency synthesizing and clock synchronization

UNIT IV     ANALOG TO DIGITAL AND DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTERS

Analog and Digital Data Conversions, D/A converter – specifications – weighted resistor type, R-2R Ladder type, Voltage Mode and Current-Mode R – 2R Ladder types – switches for D/A converters, high speed sample-and-hold circuits, A/D Converters – specifications – Flash type – Successive Approximation type – Single Slope type – Dual Slope type – A/D Converter using Voltage-to-Time Conversion – Over-sampling A/D Converters, Sigma – Delta converters.

UNIT V    WAVEFORM GENERATORS AND SPECIAL FUNCTION ICS

Sine-wave generators, Multivibrators and Triangular wave generator, Saw-tooth wave generator, ICL8038 function generator, Timer IC 555, IC Voltage regulators – Three terminal fixed and adjustable voltage regulators – IC 723 general purpose regulator – Monolithic switching regulator, Low Drop – Out(LDO) Regulators – Switched capacitor filter IC MF10, Frequency to Voltage and Voltage to Frequency converters, Audio Power amplifier, Video Amplifier, Isolation Amplifier, Optocouplers and fibre optic IC