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POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION AND UTILIZATION

DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, CHENNAI – 600 025
2023 REGULATION 119
Theory Portion :
UNIT I
PROTECTION SCHEMES
Period
Protection Schemes: Significance and need for protective schemes –
Nature and causes of faults – Types of faults – Effects of faults – Zones of protection.
Equipment Protection: Applications of Current Transformers (CT) and Potential Transformers (PT) in protection schemes – Protection of Transformer.
Over Voltage Protection: Voltage surge – Causes of Over Voltage– Lightning– Direct stroke, Indirect stroke – Protection against lightning – Earthing screen, Overhead Ground Wires, Lightning Arresters – Expulsion Type, Gapless Arrester.
Fuses: Construction and Working of HRC Fuse – H.V. Fuses.
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UNIT II
RELAYS AND CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Period
Relays: Basic principle –– Relay characteristics – Relay timing – Instantaneous relay – Inverse time relay and Definite time lag relay – Inverse definite minimum time relay – Primary and back up Protection – Classification of relays – Induction type over current relay (Directional and Non directional), Differential relay – Over Current relay – Distance relay.
Static Relays: Basic elements of static relay.
Circuit Breakers: Arcing phenomenon and Arc interruption – Re–Striking Voltage and Recovery Voltage – Rate of rise of recovery voltage –Types of circuit breakers – Air Blast, Oil, SF6 and Vacuum Circuit Breakers – HVDC Breaker.
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UNIT III
ELECTRIC TRACTION
Period
Fundamentals of electric drive – Factors governing the selection of
Electric Motor – Different types of electrical drives – Application of Motors for Particular Services – Characteristic Features of Traction Motor – Advantages and Disadvantages of Electric Traction – Over Head Equipment – Contact Wire, Centenary and Droppers and Collection Gear – Bow and Pantograph Collector – Different Systems of Track Electrification.
Traction Mechanics: Units and Notations used in Traction Mechanics – Speed Time Curve for Different Services – Simplified Speed Time Curve – Energy Saving with Series Parallel Starting – Shunt Transition – Bridge Transition – Multiple Unit Control – Regenerative Braking – Magnetic Levitation (MAGLEV).
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UNIT IV
ILLUMINATION
Period
Introduction – Definition and meaning of terms used in illumination engineering – Classification of light sources – Incandescent lamps – Sodium Vapour Lamps – Mercury Vapour Lamps – Fluorescent Lamps – Energy Saving Lamps – CFL – LED – Recent trends in lighting systems.
Lighting schemes – Indoor lighting schemes – Factory lighting – Outdoor lighting schemes – Flood lighting – Street lighting – Lighting control using Sensors and IoT.
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UNIT V
ELECTRIC HEATING AND WELDING
Period
Introduction – Advantages of electric heating – Methods of electric heating – Resistance heating – Infrared Heating – Arc Heating – High Frequency Electric Heating – Induction Heating – Eddy Current Heating and Dielectric Heating.
Electric Furnaces: Resistance Furnace – Arc Furnace – Direct and Indirect
Arc Furnace – Induction Furnace – Direct and Indirect Core Type Induction Furnace – Coreless Induction Furnace.
Electric Welding: Resistance Welding – Arc Welding – Ultrasonic Welding – Laser Beam Welding.
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