UNIT I : SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES

Spectroscopy: Electromagnetic spectrum – absorption of radiation – electronic, vibrational and rotational

transitions. Width and intensities of spectral lines. Flame photometer, Atomic absorption spectroscopy,

UV – Vis, IR spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope

(TEM) – principles,

instrumentation (Block diagram) and applications.

UNIT II : CHEMISTRY OF INTERFACES

Interface region-curved interfaces-thermodynamics of surfaces – Surface film on liquids – Adsorption

of gases on Solids-adsorption isotherms – types. Applications of adsorption studies-detergency, wetting,

foaming ,defoaming, spreading, water repellency.

UNIT III : OILS, FATS, SOAPS & LUBRICANTS

Chemical constitution, Chemical analysis of oils and fats – acid, saponification and iodine values,

Definitions, determinations and significance. Definition, mechanism of lubrication,

preparation of petrolubes, desirable characteristics – viscosity, viscosity index, carbon residue,

oxidation stability, flash and fire points, cloud and pour points, aniline point. Semisolid lubricant –

greases, preparation of sodium, lithium, calcium and axle greases and uses, consistency test and drop point test.

Solid lubricants –graphite and molybdenum disulphide.

UNIT IV : HYDROCARBON

Classification of Hydrocarbons. Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: Alkanes –l isomerism, conformations, physical,

chemical reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion and pyrolysis.

Alkenes– structure of double bond, geometrical isomerism, chemical reactions: addition of hydrogen, halogen,

water, hydrogen halides, ozonolysis, oxidation. Alkynes – structure of triple bond, acidic character of alkynes,

addition reaction of – hydrogen, halogens, hydrogenhalides and water. Aromatic hydrocarbons

– resonance, aromaticity ; mechanism of electrophilic substitution – nitration, sulphonation, halogenations.

UNIT V : COLORANTS

Theory of colour and constitution: chromophore and auxochrome, bathochromic and hypsochromic shift,

classification of dyes based on application and composition. Chemistry of azo dye – synthesis

of Methyl red, Methyl orange, Congo red, phenolphthalein, fluorescein and eosin.