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                                     Transportation Engineering 
                                              Theory 
                      Unit I HIGHWAY ENGINEERING
1.1 General-Development of Roads in India-Modes of transportation-Advantages of
Roads –Requirements of an ideal road–Indian Road Congress-Classifications of
Highways – Highway Pavements-Objectives-Types of Pavements–Flexible and Rigid
Pavements- Comparative study of Flexible and Rigid pavements.

1.2 Road structure- Right of way– Width of formation-Road Camber-Super elevation-
Sight distances–Road gradient-Road Curves-Horizontal curves-Vertical curves-Types-
Widening of pavement on horizontal curves.

Unit II ROAD ALIGNMENT AND CLASSIFICATION

2.1 Principles for ideal highway alignment-Factors affecting highway alignment-
Excavating Equipments-Tractor, Bulldozer, Grader, Scraper, Asphalt recycling

equipment, Motor graders -Compaction Equipments.
2.2 Water Bound Macadam roads , Bituminous Roads, cement concrete roads
(Construction with sketches, Advantages and Disadvantages for these roads) -Surface
dressing of Bituminous Roads-Types.

Unit III RAILWAY ENGINEERING
3.1 Introduction to Railways -Classifications of Indian Railways –Rail Gauges–
Requirements of an ideal rail-Types of rail sections – Coning of wheels- Creep of rails –
Causes and prevention of creep- Ballast-Functions of Ballast-Requirements of ballast –
Materials used as ballast.
3.2 Functions of Sleepers-Types of sleepers – Requirements of sleepers – Sleeper
density-Rail joints-Types-Rail fastenings-Fish plates – Fish bolts-Spikes–Chairs and
Keys-Bearing plates-Blocks-Elastic fastenings-Anchors and anti-creepers.

Unit IV RAILWAY ENGINEERING(Contd.)

DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, CHENNAI – 600 025
2023 REGULATION 62
4.1 Definition of station -Types of stations -Platforms–Passenger and Goods

platforms -Definition of Yard–Types of yard-Level Crossings-Engine Shed-Triangles-
Turntable-Traverses-Scotch Block-Buffer stops- Fouling marks.

4.2 Points and crossings-Turnouts-Right hand and left-hand turn outs-Crossings-
Types of crossings – Objects of signalling –Types of signalling based on functions and

location- Principles of interlocking.

Unit V AIRPORT AND HARBOUR ENGINEERING
5.1 Airport classification –airportplanning : objectives ,components, layout characteristics,

-orientation of Runways and correction factors for runway as per ICAO stipulations, parking-
wind rose diagram.

5.2 Harbour, port, satellite port, docks, waves and tides-planning of harbours:
requirements, classification, location-harbour layout and terminal facilities-coastal
structures : piers, break waters, wharves, jetties, quays, spring fenders, dolphins and floating
landing stage.